Testwork optimisation delivers high recoveries of REE
Released
Released
Announcement PDF
16 February 2026
Koppamurra testwork optimisation delivers high
recoveries of critical rare earth elements
• Doubling of the rate of leaching on the heap leach: Testwork confirms a clear
pathway to materially faster leaching by doubling irrigation rates, delivering strong
Magnet Rare Earth recoveries in around half the time.
• ~70% Magnet Rare Earth recoveries achieved: Strong recoveries for Nd, Pr, Dy and
Tb confirmed across optimised test conditions.
• Reagent optimisation delivers cost upside: Halving the use of magnesium sulphate
(MgSO4) in the leach solutions shows no measurable impact on recoveries,
supporting reduced reagent intensity.
• Lower capital and lower operating costs: Faster leach cycles support the
opportunity to achieve target production rates with a reduced heap leach footprint.
• High recoveries of strategically important rare earths: Testwork delivered high
recoveries of Yttrium (70%), Gadolinium (69%) and Samarium (66%) - elements
subject to China’s expanded export controls1
and increasingly critical to Western
supply chains, as highlighted by the inclusion of these elements in an upcoming DoW
Critical Minerals Request for Project Proposal to be released through the Defense
Industrial Base Consortium (DIBC).
• Optimisation program advancing with ANTSO: Results strengthen the technical
basis for pilot plant preparation2
, a comprehensive metallurgical optimisation
program in progress with the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology
Organisation (ANSTO) to further refine the flowsheet, and inform the Pre-Feasibility
Study (PFS).
• Engage with this announcement at the AR3 investor hub.
AR3 Managing Director and CEO, Travis Beinke, commented:
“These results represent a further step-change in our continued drive to simplify and
optimise our Koppamurra rare earths project.
The latest heap leach testwork has demonstrated a clear pathway to materially increase
leaching rates by doubling irrigation flow, while also delivering Magnet Rare Earth
1
Export controls announced by China April 2025
2
See ASX release 1 December 2025: AR3 advances Koppamurra with pilot-scale processing at ANSTO’s
new facility
recoveries up to ~70% - a significant improvement in performance at this stage of
development.
Importantly, we have also shown that magnesium sulphate consumption can be halved
with no measurable impact on leach kinetics or final extraction, supporting a lower
reagent intensity flowsheet and strengthening the case for improved operating efficiency.
These outcomes build directly on our earlier work, including strong impurity rejection via
the oxalic acid precipitation route, reinforcing a credible pathway to producing a high-
quality Mixed Rare Earth Oxide product.
Together, this growing body of metallurgical work strengthens the technical basis for the
Pre-Feasibility Study, supports pilot plant preparation with ANTSO, and further derisks
the key scale-up parameters as we continue engagement with downstream customers.”
Overview
Australian Rare Earths Limited (ASX: AR3) is pleased to report a significant metallurgical
update from recent testwork. The results are part of a comprehensive metallurgical
optimisation program in progress with ANSTO as part of preparation for operating a pilot
plant and will also inform the Koppamurra Pre-Feasibility Study.
The testwork program has been designed to explore optimisation opportunities across
key clay preparation and processing stages of the project’s flowsheet. Figure 1 below
shows the Koppamurra conceptual project flowsheet with labels referencing the areas of
focus for the comprehensive metallurgical optimisation program in progress with ANSTO
and further detailed in this announcement.
Figure 1: Koppamurra Conceptual Project Flowsheet
Testwork Overview
1. Clay Preparation: Testing agglomeration parameters to provide optimised
sulphuric acid and binder dosage rates to minimise reagent consumption and
costs.
2. Temporary Heap: Increasing irrigation rates of leaching solutions to potentially
reduce the time clay is required to spend on the heap and/or to reduce the size of
the heap pads to reduce capital and operating costs; Testing the reduction of
reagents used in leaching to reduce operating costs; Pregnant Liquor Solution
(PLS) recirculation testing to establish pathway for lower volumes moving to
downstream processes with higher grade REE contents in solution.
3. Intermediate MRE precipitation: Testing a range of alternate reagents to
optimise consumption rates and costs. Testing the operation of the precipitation
at ambient temperatures to further lower costs.
4. Mixed Rare Earth Precipitation to Oxalate: Testing oxalic acid dosage rates, pH
and temperature, while maximising rare earth recoveries.
5. Oxalate to Oxide conversion: Testwork to produce a final calcined product
(Mixed Rare Earth Oxide) with minimal impurities.
Testwork progress update
This progress update summarises the significant improvements identified through
increasing the irrigation rate over the heaps and reducing reagent consumption in the
leaching stage. Testwork continues on the additional optimisation opportunities outlined
above and are to be completed over the coming months.
The latest testwork has focused on optimising elements of the“2. Temporary Heap”stage
of the flowsheet and confirms two key aspects: lower operating cost through reduced
reagent intensity and a step-change improvement in leaching kinetics through higher
irrigation rates, all while yielding magnet rare earth recoveries of ~70%.
2. Temporary Heap
Leaching rate upside: Using the baseline lixiviant conditions (0.3 M MgSO₄ at pH 2.2),
increasing irrigation from 5 to 10 L/m²/h (Test C15) approximately halved the time
required to achieve target MREE extractions. The dysprosium (Dy) extraction profile is
shown in Figure 2 – and is indicative of the full suite of MREE, as shown in Table 1.
Importantly, earlier ANSTO work indicates irrigation rates of up to 35 L/m²/h are
sustainable for ore washing, highlighting potential for further gains beyond leaching at 10
L/m²/h demonstrated to date. This work showed that these very high irrigation rates in
washing had minimal impact of the flowability of the heap, and that ‘slumping’ of the
heap was not an issue impacting these flows.
Reagent optimisation and operating cost reduction: The baseline heap leach lixiviant
(0.3 M MgSO₄ at pH 2.2) was adopted from the original tank leach flowsheet, where
MgSO₄ was shown to enhance REE extraction. This program tested whether that
concentration is required under heap conditions, or whether reduced MgSO₄, or acid
alone over longer leach durations, can achieve comparable results.
Comparison columns, along with the previously mentioned higher flowrate test (C15),
were run concurrently at pH 2.2 and 5 L/m²/h:
• No MgSO₄
• Reduced MgSO₄ (0.15 M) (Test C13)
• Base case MgSO₄ (0.3 M) (Test C14)
The tests confirmed that MgSO4 is required, however, as shown in Figure 2, halving the
MgSO₄ concentration had no measurable impact on either leaching rate or final
extraction, supporting a clear opportunity to reduce reagent consumption without
compromising performance.
Figure 2: Dy extraction over time; C15 at double flow rate compared with C12 (no MgSO4), C13 (50%
MgSO4) & C14 (std conditions)
Rare Earth Recoveries:The testwork has alsoresultedinincreasing confidence of higher
rare earth recovery rates with the key magnet rare earths recoveries reaching ~70%
across a range of test conditions. Recovery improvement opportunities continue to be
explored with increased recoveries resulting in additional revenue for the project.
Reagent
Addition Liquor
Irrigation
Rate
Test
Duration
Recoveries %
Column
ID MgSO4 pH (L/m2/hr) (days) Nd Pr Dy Tb MRE
AR3-C13 0.15 M 2.2 5 14 63 66 71 62 64
AR3-C14 0.3 M 2.2 5 14 64 66 68 64 65
AR3-C15 0.3 M 2.2 10 14 69 71 71 63 70
Table 1: Column test conditions with Magnet Rare Earth recoveries
Test configuration: Column tests were conducted in 100 mm ID columns with a target
bed height of ~1.0 m, loaded with ~6 kg of agglomerated ore per column. All four columns
were operated concurrently at room temperature. The Koppamurra ore was a subsample
of the same material used in the bulk leach program3
and was agglomerated using the
same acid and flocculant additions applied in prior programs.
Key takeaways
Collectively, these results materially improve the potential economics and scalability of
the Koppamurra flowsheet. Demonstrating that heap irrigation rates can be at least
doubled while maintaining strong recoveries provides a clear pathway to faster leach
cycles, higher throughput and earlier MREO production from a given heap leach footprint.
In addition, the testwork confirms that a material reduction in MgSO₄ addition has no
adverse impact on extraction, supporting lower reagent costs and simplified solution
management. In practical terms, the combination of faster leach kinetics and lower
reagent intensity provides a pathway to lower operating costs and, importantly, the
potential to reduce capital intensity by achieving the same production outcome with
smaller heap leach pads and associated infrastructure.
These optimisation outcomes build on the Company’s earlier metallurgical milestones,
including development of the downstream oxalic acid precipitation route and the
production of a marketable mixedrare earth oxide product from pregnantleachsolution4
.
Next Steps
The comprehensive metallurgical optimisation program with ANSTO outlined above
continues with results key to further refinement of the flowsheet, with outcomes to be
included in and inform the Pre-Feasibility Study. This work will set the foundation for the
pilot plant operation to commence with ANSTO mid-2026.
The announcement has been authorised for release by the Board of Australian Rare Earths Limited.
For further information please contact:
Australian Rare Earths Limited Media Enquiries
Travis Beinke Jessica Fertig
Managing Director and CEO Tau Media
T: 1 300 646 100 E: info@taumedia.com.au
Engage and Contribute at the AR3 investor hub: https://investorhub.ar3.com.au/
3
See ASX release 26 June 2025: Bulk leach program delivers strong rare earth recoveries at Koppamurra
4
See ASX release 20 January 2026: Koppamurra test work produces high purity Mixed Rare Earth Oxide
Competent Person’s Statement
The information in this report that relates to metallurgical results is based on information compiled by Australian Rare Earths
Limited and reviewed by James Davidson who is the principal Metallurgist of Rendement and is a Fellow of the AusIMM. Mr
Davidson has sufficient experience that is relevant to the metallurgical testing which was undertaken to qualify as a
Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral
Resources and Ore Reserves”. Mr Davidson consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on this information
in the form and context in which it appears.
The information in this report that relates to Exploration results is based on information compiled by Australian Rare Earths
Limited and reviewed by Mr Rick Pobjoy who is the Chief Technical Officer of the Company and a member of the Australian
Institute of Miningand Metallurgy (AusIMM). Mr Pobjoy has sufficient experience that is relevant to thestyle of mineralisation,
the type of deposit under consideration and to the activities undertaken to qualify as a Competent person as defined in the
2012 edition ofthe“AustralasianCode for ReportingofExplorationResults, MineralResources andOre Reserves”. Mr Pobjoy
consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on this information in the form and context in which it appears.
About Australian Rare Earths Limited
Australian Rare Earths (AR3) is an emerging diversified critical minerals company, strategically positioned to meet the growing
global demand for uranium and rare earth elements:
• AR3's Koppamurra Rare Earths Project in South Australia and Victoria is a significant deposit of light and heavy rare earths,
which has secured important Australian government support through a $5 million grant to accelerate development. With
support from global advanced industrial materials manufacturer, Neo Performance Materials, AR3 is progressing toward
a Pre-Feasibility Study and a demonstration facility, solidifying its role in diversifying global rare earth supply chains for the
clean energy transition.
• AR3’s large ~8,000 km² Overland Uranium Project in South Australia shows strong uranium discovery potential, with initial
drilling identifying opportunities for substantial near-surface and deeper deposits.
With strategic projects and strong government support, AR3 is poised to benefit from significant growth in the critical minerals
market.
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
JORC Table 1 – Section 1
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
Criteria Explanation Comment
Sampling
techniques
Nature and quality of
sampling (e.g., cut channels,
random chips, or specific
specialised industry standard
measurement tools
appropriate to the minerals
under investigation, such as
down hole gamma sondes, or
handheld XRF instruments,
etc). These examples should
not be taken as limiting the
broad meaning of sampling.
Include reference to
measures taken to ensure
sample representivity and
the appropriate calibration
of any measurement tools or
systems used. Aspects of the
determination of
mineralisation that are
Material to the Public
Report. In cases where
‘industry standard’ work has
been done this would be
relatively simple (e.g.,
‘reverse circulation drilling was
used to obtain 1 m samples
from which 3 kg was pulverised
to produce a 30 g charge for fire
assay’). In other cases, more
explanation may be required,
such as where there is coarse
gold that has inherent sampling
problems. Unusual commodities
or mineralisation types (e.g.,
submarine nodules) may
warrant disclosure
of detailed information.
Mechanical excavation techniques were applied to the
recovery of samples, for bulk leach testwork, from the
area of AR3’s Trial Pit. Trial Pit samples were taken
from a number of discrete locations within the pit, each
nominally 1m wide x 1m long x 0.5m deep. Material
from these locations were loaded into a dump truck by
an excavator and taken to a laydown site for
assessment.
Up to 5 x dump truck piles of material from each
discrete location were placed on the laydown. Up
to 12 x bulka bags were filled from those (up to) 5
x piles of material and each was provided
a unique Bulka Bag # which referenced a Location
and sample pile number. Eg C2L1aP3 (C2 - cut
bench 2, L1a – location 1a, P3 – pile 3).
Samples provided for column leach and bulk leach
testwork were sourced from Trial Pit Locations;
C2L1aP3, Bulka Bag #146
C2L3P2, Bulka Bag #121
C4L4P5, Bulka Bag #410
C4L4P2, Bulka Bag #345
Each of these four bulka bags were emptied into
separate piles on a clean warehouse floor at
Brisbane MetLabs (BML), composited into single
pile using skid steer. Performed standard cone
and quarter homogenization method on the pile
using skid steer. Heavy dusting as the ore was
dry was managed through water added via mist
at ~2L/min over ~25 mins.
Final mixed composite transferred to 18 x 200L
drums via skid steer.
Final mass across drums was ~3324 kg (note this
is actually more than the as-received mass, but
some water mass added during dust suppression
– still within typical lab/weigh scale accuracy).
1 x drum was set aside for redundancy.
The remaining 17 x drums were screened to 31.5
mm top size.
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
Criteria Explanation Comment
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
Drilling
techniques
Drill type (e.g., core, reverse
circulation, open- hole
hammer, rotary air blast,
auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and
details (e.g., core diameter,
triple or standard tube, depth
of diamond tails, face-
sampling bit, or other type,
whether core is oriented and if
so, by what method, etc).
• No drilling techniques were used in
the recovery of the samples from the
Trial Pit used in the bulk leach
testwork.
Drill
sample
recovery
Method of recording and
assessing core and chip sample
recoveries and results assessed.
Measures taken to maximise
sample recovery and ensure
representative nature of the
samples.
Whether a relationship exists
between sample recovery and
grade and whether samplebias
may have occurred due to
preferential loss/gain of
fine/coarse material.
• Not applicable, no drilling was used in the
recovery of the samples used in the bulk
leach testwork
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
Criteria Explanation Comment
Logging Whether core and chip
samples have been
geologically and
geotechnically logged to a
level of detail to support
appropriate Mineral Resource
estimation, mining studies
and metallurgical studies.
Whether logging is qualitative
or quantitative in nature. Core
(or costean, channel, etc)
photography.
The total length and percentage
of the relevant intersections
logged.
Excavation and Stockpiling of Ore Samples from
Trial Pit
Trial Pit samples were taken from a number of
discrete locations within the pit, nominally 1m
wide x 1m long x 0.5m deep. Sampling from the
Trial Pit was undertaken using the Sampling
Procedure and Action Register developed by WGA
for AR3, 19th
April 2022, detailed as follows;
• When digging nears a sample location within
the pit, Pit Manager is to communicate with
the excavator operator, the truck operator
and Geologist, the location number (L1, L2,
L3, L4) to be excavated and the sub-area
within the ore sampling area where the ore
sample material is to be off-loaded.
• For each sample location, the four (4) truck
loads are to be off-loaded within the
corresponding ore sampling sub-area as
defined by the signs. Loads of the same
sample location are ideally off-loaded into
distinct separate piles, however if space is
limited, load piles can be slightly overlapped.
Ore Identification
For each of the four (4) truck load piles within a
sample location, place a ‘pile stake’ denoting the
cut stage, the sample location and the pile
number for the four (4) separate sub-area as
follows:
• Cut stage_sample location pile number
(i.e. C1_L2_P4)
• For each ore sample location, a visual
inspection of the individual four (4) piles is
to be performed to determine if the
lithology of the piles aligns with the
expected lithology from the Geovia
Surpac model spreadsheet:
• If the actual lithology aligns with the
expected lithology, keep these piles and
sample.
• Add a ‘SAMPLE’ comment to the pile
stake.
• If the actual lithology DOES NOT align
with the expected lithology, for ≤50% (i.e.
less than or equal to two (2) out of four
(4) piles) of the ore sample, disregard
these piles and do not sample.
• Add a ‘DO NOT SAMPLE’ comment to the
pile stake.
• Add a comment within the Geovia Surpac
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
model spreadsheet, detailing both the
number of piles that did not align with the
expected lithology and the actual
lithology of those piles
• If the actual lithology DOES NOT align
with the expected lithology, for >50% (i.e.
three (3) or more piles) of the ore sample,
keep these piles and sample.
• Add a ‘SAMPLE’ comment to the pile
stake
• Update the Geovia Surpac model
spreadsheet with the actual lithology of
the ore sample and record in the
comments section that a difference in
lithology was identified for all sample
location piles
• Place the pile stake in the corresponding
pile and photograph each pile separately
Ore Sampling for XRF Testing
• For the piles identified as ‘SAMPLE’,
sample spear (or hand-grab based on the
lithology of pile), three (3) samples of
approximately 500g from the pile at
random (i.e. from top, middle and base of
pile).
• Place each 500g sample in a separate,
calico bag with pre-assigned sample
identification code.
• Based on the number of piles identified as
‘SAMPLE’ for each sample location, a
minimum of six (6) and a maximum of
twelve (12) 500g samples are to be taken
for each sample location.
• Record the following within the XRF CSV
file: Pre-assigned sample identification
code (e.g. 683229) Cut stage_sample
location_pile number (i.e. C1_L2_P4)
Ore Sampling for Bulk Bagging
• For the piles identified as ‘SAMPLE’,
instruct the mini excavator operator to
take the required tonnage (based on the
Geovia Surpac model spreadsheet) from
piles at random to the bulk bag filling
station.
• For each bulk bag, record the following:
Cut stage and sample location (i.e. C1_L1)
and average pXRF Yttrium values across all
samples for the sample location
• Once required tonnage from a sample
location is bagged, instruct the grader
operator to push piles identified as ‘DO
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
NOT SAMPLE’ and leftover ore from the
sampled piles, into the overburden
stockpile.
Sub-
sampling
techniques
and sample
preparation
If core, whether cut or sawn
and whether quarter, half or
all cores taken.
If non-core, whether riffled,
tube sampled, rotary split,
etc and whether sampled
wet or dry.
For all sample types, the nature,
quality, and appropriateness of
the sample preparation
technique.
Quality control procedures
adopted for all sub-sampling
stages to maximise
representivity of samples.
Measures taken to ensure that
the sampling is representative
of the in- situ material
collected, including for
instance results for field
duplicate/second-half sampling.
Whether sample sizes are
appropriate to the grain size of
the material being sampled.
• The pre-split samples from the 4 x bulka bags
(17 x drums) were passed through a 31.5 mm
screen and the oversize gently crushed and
recombined with the undersize. Oversize that
could not be broken down – tamp material
for example was collected and set aside (less
than 0.5% of total mass). The material was
then taken through to agglomeration.
Criteria Explanation Comment
Quality of
assaydata
and
laboratory
tests
The nature, quality and
appropriateness of the
assaying and laboratory
procedures used and whether
the technique is considered
partial or total. For
geophysical tools,
spectrometers, handheld XRF
instruments, etc, the
parameters used in
determining the analysis
including instrument make
and model, reading times,
calibrations factors applied
and their derivation, etc.
Nature of quality control
procedures adopted (e.g.,
standards, blanks,
duplicates, external
laboratory checks) and
whether acceptable levels of
• The samples for the BML Bulk Leaching
program of work were subsampled and
assayed by a combination of XRF and ICP
(in-house - BML). Due to concern regarding
Ca concentration, multiple head assays
undertaken (both fresh new samples and
repeats).
ANSTO Testwork on MREO and MREC
precipitation:
• Samples, including the PLS, were
analysed in-house by ANSTO and were
not contracted out to third party
service providers.
• ANSTO Minerals conducts its activities
in accordance with AB-0101 ANSTO
Quality Policy, following the guidelines
of ISO 9001 requirements for Quality
Management Systems.
• Elemental analysis of samples was
undertaken using the following
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
accuracy (i.e., lack of bias)
and precision have been
established.
approach:
• Solids – a combination of XRF
and digestion/ICP-OES/ICP-MS.
• Liquors – a combination of ICP-
OES and ICP-MS.
• For elemental concentrations
measured using ICP-OES and ICP-
MS, the instrument is calibrated
using ICP standard solutions
containing the elements of
interest. Internal standards are
added to each sample to
determine recoveries. Certified
reference liquors are used to
verify the calibration. Each
calibration curve is verified to
ensure a correlation coefficient of
0.995 or better for quantitative
results. Internal standard
recoveries are verified to ensure
100 ± 30%. Method blank and/or
calibration blank solutions are
analysed at the beginning of the
sample sequence and high blank
values investigated, and
appropriate action taken where
appropriate.
The adopted QA/QC protocols are acceptable for this
stage of test work. The sample preparation and assay
techniques used are industry standard
and provide a total analysis.
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
Criteria Explanation Comment
Verification of sampling
andassaying
The verification of
significant intersections by
either independent or
alternative company
personnel.
The use of twinned holes.
Documentation of primary
data, data entry procedures,
data verification, data
storage (physical and
electronic) protocols.
Discuss any adjustment to
assay data.
• All results are checked by the CP for reporting of
this testwork.
Locationof
data points
Accuracy and quality of
surveys used to locate drill
holes (collar and down- hole
surveys), trenches, mine
workings and other locations
used in Mineral Resource
estimation.
Specification of the grid
system used.
Quality andadequacy of
topographic control.
Trial Pit samples for Bulk Leach testing were
taken from 4 x discrete locations within the Trial
Pit, Appendix 2, Koppamurra Project Location
Map with Trial Pit Location. The Trial Pit location
is within an area roughly 140m long by 45m wide
(6,300m2
) bounded by these co-ordinates;
• 5884400mN, 493385mE
• 5884400mN, 493525mE
• 5884445mN, 493525mE
• 5884445mN, 493385mE.
• The datum used is GDA2020/MGA Zone 54.
• Topographic data over the Trial Pit and over
the southern area of the Koppamurra
Mineral Resource (including all
Inferred/Indicated/Measured resource
areas) is derived from a fixed wing LiDAR
survey flown in May 2022 by Aerometrex
using their RIEGL VQ-780ii sensor. The LiDAR
survey data was captured at a minimum 25
points per meter and flown at a height of
591m to ensure ~10cm vertical accuracy.
• The Trial Pit location was set out by
Licensed Surveyors; Alexander & Symonds
Pty Ltd 27A Crouch Street South Mt
Gambier, South Australia
• The accuracy of the locations is sufficient for
this stage of exploration.
Criteria Explanation Comment
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
Dataspacing
and
distribution
Data spacing for reporting of
Exploration Results.
Whether the data spacing,
and distribution is sufficient
to establish the degree of
geological and grade
continuity appropriate for
the Mineral Resource and
Ore Reserve estimation
procedure(s) and
classifications applied.
Whether sample compositing
has been applied.
• Sampling from the Trial Pit was conducted at
18 discrete locations within the Pit and totaled
~500t of material from an excavation that
uncovered ~3,500t of REE mineralized clays in
total.
• Sample sizes from each of the 18 locations
were nominally 1m wide by 1m long by
0.5m thick.
• 6 sample locations were located on cut
bench 1, 5 sample locations were located on
cut bench 2, 3 sample locations were located
on cut bench 3, 4 sample locations were
located on cut bench 4.
• Up to 12 x bulka bags were filled from those
(up to) 5 x piles of material and each was
provided a unique Bulka Bag # which
referenced a Location and sample pile
number. Eg C2L1aP3 (C2 - cut bench 2, L1a –
location 1a, P3 – pile 3)
• Samples used in the Bulk Leach Testwork
were 1 x bulka bag (of the up to 12) from 4
locations, 2 x from cut bench 2 and 2 x from
cut bench 4.
• The 4 x samples were composited together
to provide approximately 3.3t of material for
bulk leach testwork.
Orientation
of data in
relation to
geological
structure
Whether the orientation of
sampling achieves unbiased
sampling of possible
structures and the extent to
which this is known,
considering the deposit type.
If the relationship between
the drilling orientation and
the orientation of key
mineralised structures is
considered to have
introduced a sampling bias,
this should be assessed and
reported if material.
• The Koppamurra mineralisation is interpreted
to be hosted in flat lying clays that are
horizontal. Undulation of the clay unit is
influenced by the weathered limestone
basement below.
• All drill holes are vertical which is appropriate
for horizontal bedding and regolith profile.
• The Koppamurra drilling was oriented
perpendicular to the strike of mineralisation
defined by previous exploration and current
geological interpretation.
• The strike of the mineralisation is north south,
and the high grades follow a northwest-
southeast trend.
• All drill holes were vertical, and the
orientation of the mineralisation is relatively
horizontal.
• The orientation of the drilling is considered
appropriate for testing the lateral and vertical
extent of mineralisation without any bias.
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
Criteria Explanation Comment
Sample
security
The measures taken to ensure
sample security.
• For the Bulk leach ore samples:
• Approximately 2,941 kg of ore, securely
packaged in bulk bags on pallets and
wrapped in heavy-duty plastic (total weight
3,370 kg), was transported from Adelaide to
Brisbane Met Labs by truck via Northline, a
leading Australian freight and logistics
provider.
• Upon arrival no reports of tampering
with the sample were made.
• For the PLS samples sent to ANSTO:
• Approximately 2,000 L of PLS was
securely transported in IBCs on pallets
from Brisbane Met Labs to ANSTO by
truck via FedEx, a reputable
multinational freight and logistics
provider. To mitigate the risk of loss, the
PLS was shipped in two separate
consignments. The 2000 L of PLS was
split across two IBCs, where the second
shipment was dispatched only after
confirmation of safe delivery of the first
shipment to ANSTO.
• Upon arrival no reports of tampering
with the sample were made.
Audits or
reviews
The results of any audits or
reviews of sampling
techniques and data.
• A review of the Metallurgical Bulk Leach Test
Work and results was undertaken by
Rendement – Consulting Engineers – James
Davidson. Rendement is the CP for
Metallurgical Testwork.
APPENDIX I – JORC TABLE 1 & 2
Appendix I - JORC Table 1 - Section 2, Reporting of Exploration Results
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
Criteria Explanation Comment
Mineral
tenement and
land tenure
status
Type, reference
name/number, locati
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